原创 HTML5：JS操作SVG实践体会

发表于2015-07-24 14:31:14| --次阅读| 来源webkfa| 作者html5,css3

摘要：在工业信息化系统里，常常需要动态呈现系统的数据在一张示意图里，用于展现系统状态，分析结果等。这样用JavaScript操作svg 元素就有现实意义。本人近期做了一些实践，现分享一下。需求：你下面这样一张示意图。A1至A8，分别用显示各个检测或控制点状态，不同状态显示不同颜色。后端技术不是本文讨论重点...

在工业信息化系统里，常常需要动态呈现系统的数据在一张示意图里，用于展现系统状态，分析结果等。这样用JavaScript操作svg 元素就有现实意义。本人近期做了一些实践，现分享一下。

需求：

你下面这样一张示意图。

A1至A8，分别用显示各个检测或控制点状态，不同状态显示不同颜色。后端技术不是本文讨论重点，前端技术才是本文讨论重点。前端用H5来实现。

方案：

一、先将该示意图导出成svg格式的文件。例如”用Viso 绘图，然后导出成svg文件“。

二、在浏览器中打开svg文件，查看源码，拷贝svg元素内容。粘贴到你的JS的IDE环境中，用于前端开发。

三、在IDE里书写你的代码，控制你要实现在逻辑。

1、清除在style 标记里<![CDATA[]]这样符号，因为它会导致你的JS无法找到你要变色的元素。

<style type="text/css"> 
       .st1 {fill:url(#grad0-4);stroke:#4f87bb;stroke-width:0.75} 
   .st2 {fill:#4f87bb;font-family:黑体;font-size:1.00001em} 
   .st3 {font-family:Calibri;font-size:1em} 
   .st4 {fill:#4f87bb;font-family:黑体;font-size:0.833336em} 
   .st5 {marker-end:url(#mrkr4-22);stroke:#5b9bd5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1} 
   .st6 {fill:#5b9bd5;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#5b9bd5;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-width:0.28409090909091} 
   .st7 {fill:#ffffff;stroke:#ebeff5;stroke-width:0.75} 
   .st8 {fill:#759fcc;font-family:Calibri;font-size:0.833336em} 
   .st9 {fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;font-size:12px;overflow:visible;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-miterlimit:3} 
 
</style>

2、接下来要判断浏览器是否支持HTML5

<script type="text/javascript"> 
    //判断浏览器是否支持HTML5 
    try { 
        document.createElement("canvas").getContext("2d"); 
    } 
    catch (e) { 
        document.getElementById("support").innerHTML = "<h3>你的浏览器不支持HTML5,请安装现代化的浏览器。我们推荐使用最新版的Chrome、 FireFox</h3>"; 
    } 
 
 </script>

3、 IE比较特殊，不支持动画元素。所以判断浏览器是否支持IE

//判断是否是IE 
function isIE() { //ie? 
    if (!!window.ActiveXObject || "ActiveXObject" in window) 
        return true;     // alert("IE"); 
    else 
        return false;       //alert("NOT IE"); 
}

4、在<svg>内部加入如下代码，具体含义看备注

<script ><![CDATA[   //这个<![CDATA[不能省略 
//假设已请求服务获取Json串，根据配置获得到颜色值。如下列表。 
var jsn = [{"Tag": "A8", "Val": "12", "Color": "#ff0000"}, {"Tag": "A7", "Val": "11", "Color": "#ff3300"}, 
    {"Tag": "A3", "Val": "10", "Color": "#ff6600"}, 
    {"Tag": "A4", "Val": "9", "Color": "#ffcc00"}, 
    {"Tag": "A5", "Val": "9", "Color": "#ffff00"}, 
    {"Tag": "A6", "Val": "8", "Color": "#ff99cc"}, 
    {"Tag": "A2", "Val": "6", "Color": "#ffcccc"}, 
    {"Tag": "A1", "Val": "6", "Color": "#ffcccc"}];

//在svg 标记的onload事件中已经设置了SetTagDisplay 
function SetTagDisplay() { 
    if (isIE()) { //如果是IE使用ieSetColor方法，每隔一秒闪一次 
        window.setInterval(ieSetColor, 1000); 
    } 
    else { //不是的话，可方便了，遍历标记，查找标记，为标记添加动画元素，就可以了。 
        for (var i = 0; i < jsn.length; i++) { 
            var TagName = jsn[i].Tag; 
            var TagColor = jsn[i].Color; 
            var sdy = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "animate"); //创建元素 
            sdy.setAttribute("attributeName", "fill"); //动画变化属性fill，填充颜色 
            sdy.setAttribute("attributeType", "CSS");  
            sdy.setAttribute("from", "#ffffff"); //从白色开始 
            sdy.setAttribute("to", TagColor);//变成它的 
            sdy.setAttribute("begin", "1s"); 
            sdy.setAttribute("dur", "2s"); 
            sdy.setAttribute("repeatCount", "indefinite"); 
            document.querySelector("#"+TagName).setAttribute("visibility","visible"); //网上流传很多方法，如：evt.target.ownerDocument; svgDoc.rootElement;这些都不可用。 
            document.querySelector("#"+TagName).appendChild(sdy); 
 
        } 
    } 
} 
 
function ieSetColor() { //IE浏览器效果 
    for (var i = 0; i < jsn.length; i++) { 
        var TagName = jsn[i].Tag; 
        var colorInfo = jsn[i].Color; 
        var varRect = document.querySelector("#" + TagName); 
        varRect.setAttribute("visibility","visible"); 
        varRect.setAttribute("class", ""); //必须动态清除原有class 否则展现不出来效果。 
        varRect.setAttribute("stroke","#ebeff5"); 
        varRect.setAttribute("stroke-width","0.75"); //动态设置边框 
        var colorSet = varRect.getAttribute("fill"); 
        if (colorSet == colorInfo) { 
            varRect.setAttribute("fill", "#ffffff"); 
        } 
        else { 
            varRect.setAttribute("fill", colorInfo); 
        } 
    } 
} 
 
]]></script>

注意事项：

1、可以将样式移入css 文件，与普通css文件一样，不需要加CDATA。引入样入文件与用 <link href="svgTest.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"/>

（网上流传其它方式引入样式文件，经实践都是不可用的。）

2、手动清除要实现效果元素的上样式（如：rect的class="st1"。或在函数内动态清除（ varRect.setAttribute("class", ""),否则无法显示动态效果

3、注意颜色f要小写,JS大小写敏感。

4、操作svg的js代码要写在svg标内。用<script ><![CDATA[ ]]></script>包裹。svg外部定义的变量，函数，svg内部的代码可以访问，调用。

全部代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
    //判断浏览器是否支持HTML5
    try {
        document.createElement("canvas").getContext("2d");
    }
    catch (e) {
        document.getElementById("support").innerHTML = "<h3>你的浏览器不支持HTML5,请安装现代化的浏览器。我们推荐使用最新版的Chrome、 FireFox</h3>";
    }

    //判断是否是IE
    function isIE() { //ie?
        if (!!window.ActiveXObject || "ActiveXObject" in window)
            return true;     // alert("IE");
        else
            return false;       //alert("NOT IE");
    }

</script>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events"
        xmlns:v="http://schemas.microsoft.com/visio/2003/SVGExtensions/" width="11.6929in" height="8.26772in"
        viewBox="0 0 841.89 595.276" xml:space="preserve" color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" class="st9" onload="SetTagDisplay()">

    <script ><![CDATA[
    //已请求服务获取Json串，Json串排序处理，根据Value，算出动画颜色得到如下Json串。
    var jsn = [{"Tag": "A8", "Val": "12", "Color": "#ff0000"}, {"Tag": "A7", "Val": "11", "Color": "#ff3300"},
        {"Tag": "A3", "Val": "10", "Color": "#ff6600"},
        {"Tag": "A4", "Val": "9", "Color": "#ffcc00"},
        {"Tag": "A5", "Val": "9", "Color": "#ffff00"},
        {"Tag": "A6", "Val": "8", "Color": "#ff99cc"},
        {"Tag": "A2", "Val": "6", "Color": "#ffcccc"},
        {"Tag": "A1", "Val": "6", "Color": "#ffcccc"}]; //注意颜色f要小写,js大小敏感。 JS获得到的颜色都是小写f

    function SetTagDisplay() {
        if (isIE()) {
            window.setInterval(ieSetColor, 1000);
        }
        else {
            for (var i = 0; i < jsn.length; i++) {
                var TagName = jsn[i].Tag;
                var TagColor = jsn[i].Color;
                var sdy = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "animate");
                sdy.setAttribute("attributeName", "fill");
                sdy.setAttribute("attributeType", "CSS");
                sdy.setAttribute("from", "#ffffff");
                sdy.setAttribute("to", TagColor);
                sdy.setAttribute("begin", "1s");
                sdy.setAttribute("dur", "2s");
                sdy.setAttribute("repeatCount", "indefinite");
                document.querySelector("#"+TagName).setAttribute("visibility","visible");
                document.querySelector("#"+TagName).appendChild(sdy);

            }
        }
    }

    function ieSetColor() { //IE浏览器效果
        for (var i = 0; i < jsn.length; i++) {
            var TagName = jsn[i].Tag;
            var colorInfo = jsn[i].Color;
            var varRect = document.querySelector("#" + TagName);
            varRect.setAttribute("visibility","visible");
            varRect.setAttribute("class", ""); //必须动态清除原有class 否则展现不出来效果。
            varRect.setAttribute("stroke","#ebeff5");
            varRect.setAttribute("stroke-width","0.75");
            var colorSet = varRect.getAttribute("fill");
            if (colorSet == colorInfo) {
                varRect.setAttribute("fill", "#ffffff");
            }
            else {
                varRect.setAttribute("fill", colorInfo);
            }
        }
    }

    ]]></script>
    <v:documentProperties v:langID="2052" v:metric="true" v:viewMarkup="false">
        <v:userDefs>
            <v:ud v:nameU="msvSubprocessMaster" v:prompt="" v:val="VT4(Rectangle)"/>
            <v:ud v:nameU="msvNoAutoConnect" v:val="VT0(1):26"/>
        </v:userDefs>
    </v:documentProperties>

    <style type="text/css">
        .st1 {fill:url(#grad0-4);stroke:#4f87bb;stroke-width:0.75}
    .st2 {fill:#4f87bb;font-family:黑体;font-size:1.00001em}
    .st3 {font-family:Calibri;font-size:1em}
    .st4 {fill:#4f87bb;font-family:黑体;font-size:0.833336em}
    .st5 {marker-end:url(#mrkr4-22);stroke:#5b9bd5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1}
    .st6 {fill:#5b9bd5;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#5b9bd5;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-width:0.28409090909091}
    .st7 {fill:#ffffff;stroke:#ebeff5;stroke-width:0.75}
    .st8 {fill:#759fcc;font-family:Calibri;font-size:0.833336em}
    .st9 {fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;font-size:12px;overflow:visible;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-miterlimit:3}

    </style>

    <defs id="Patterns_And_Gradients">
        <linearGradient id="grad0-4" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0" gradientTransform="rotate(60 0.5 0.5)">
            <stop offset="0" stop-color="#e9eff7" stop-opacity="1"/>
            <stop offset="0.24" stop-color="#f4f7fb" stop-opacity="1"/>
            <stop offset="0.54" stop-color="#feffff" stop-opacity="1"/>
        </linearGradient>
    </defs>
    <defs id="Markers">
        <g id="lend4">
            <path d="M 2 1 L 0 0 L 2 -1 L 2 1 " style="stroke:none"/>
        </g>
        <marker id="mrkr4-22" class="st6" v:arrowType="4" v:arrowSize="2" v:setback="7.04" refX="-7.04" orient="auto"
                markerUnits="strokeWidth" overflow="visible">
            <use xlink:href="#lend4" transform="scale(-3.52,-3.52) "/>
        </marker>
    </defs>
    <g v:mID="0" v:index="1" v:groupContext="foregroundPage">
        <v:userDefs>
            <v:ud v:nameU="msvThemeOrder" v:val="VT0(0):26"/>
        </v:userDefs>
        <title>页-1</title>
        <v:pageProperties v:drawingScale="0.0393701" v:pageScale="0.0393701" v:drawingUnits="24" v:shadowOffsetX="8.50394"
                v:shadowOffsetY="-8.50394"/>
        <v:layer v:name="连接线" v:index="0"/>
        <g id="shape2-1" v:mID="2" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(37.1568,-425.197)">
            <title>工作表.2</title>
            <desc>系统1</desc>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="35.4331" cy="531.496" width="70.87" height="127.559"/>
            <rect x="0" y="467.717" width="70.8661" height="127.559" class="st1"/>
            <text x="20.39" y="535.49" class="st2" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>系统<tspan class="st3">1</tspan></text>        </g>
        <g id="shape6-7" v:mID="6" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(184.252,-439.37)">
            <title>平行四边形</title>
            <desc>中继1</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:prompt="" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="56.6929" cy="552.756" width="113.39" height="85.0394"/>
            <path d="M0 595.28 L102.05 595.28 L113.39 510.24 L11.34 510.24 L0 595.28 Z" class="st1"/>
            <text x="44.16" y="556.08" class="st4" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>中继<tspan class="st3">1</tspan></text>        </g>
        <g id="shape7-12" v:mID="7" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(376.165,-446.457)">
            <title>平行四边形.7</title>
            <desc>中继2</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:prompt="" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="56.6929" cy="552.756" width="113.39" height="85.0394"/>
            <path d="M0 595.28 L102.05 595.28 L113.39 510.24 L11.34 510.24 L0 595.28 Z" class="st1"/>
            <text x="44.16" y="556.08" class="st4" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>中继<tspan class="st3">2</tspan></text>        </g>
        <g id="shape8-17" v:mID="8" v:groupContext="shape" v:layerMember="0" transform="translate(108.023,-490.317)">
            <title>动态连接线</title>
            <path d="M0 595.28 L43.73 595.28 L43.73 610.79 L73.91 610.79" class="st5"/>
        </g>
        <g id="shape9-23" v:mID="9" v:groupContext="shape" v:layerMember="0" transform="translate(291.969,-478.346)">
            <title>动态连接线.9</title>
            <path d="M0 591.73 L16.3 591.73 L16.3 584.65 L82.83 584.65" class="st5"/>
        </g>
        <g id="shape14-28" v:mID="14" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(568.078,-432.283)">
            <title>正方形</title>
            <desc>系统2</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="56.6929" cy="538.583" width="113.39" height="113.386"/>
            <rect x="0" y="481.89" width="113.386" height="113.386" class="st1"/>
            <text x="44.16" y="541.91" class="st4" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>系统<tspan class="st3">2</tspan></text>        </g>
        <g id="shape15-33" v:mID="15" v:groupContext="shape" v:layerMember="0" transform="translate(483.882,-481.89)">
            <title>动态连接线.15</title>
            <path d="M0 588.19 L77.16 588.19" class="st5"/>
        </g>
        <g id="shape16-38" v:mID="16" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(42.7112,-460.098)">
            <title>矩形</title>
            <desc>A1</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="29.8787" cy="587.657" width="59.76" height="15.2362"/>
            <rect id="A1" x="0" y="580.039" width="59.7574" height="15.2362" class="st7" visibility="hidden"/>
            <text x="24.45" y="590.66" class="st8" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>A1</text>        </g>
        <g id="shape17-41" v:mID="17" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(42.7112,-445.925)">
            <title>矩形.17</title>
            <desc>A2</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="29.8787" cy="587.657" width="59.76" height="15.2362"/>
            <rect id="A2" x="0" y="580.039" width="59.7574" height="15.2362" class="st7" visibility="hidden"/>
            <text x="24.45" y="590.66" class="st8" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>A2</text>        </g>
        <g id="shape18-44" v:mID="18" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(42.5197,-431.752)">
            <title>矩形.18</title>
            <desc>A3</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="29.8787" cy="587.657" width="59.76" height="15.2362"/>
            <rect id="A3" x="0" y="580.039" width="59.7574" height="15.2362" class="st7" visibility="hidden"/>
            <text x="24.45" y="590.66" class="st8" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>A3</text>        </g>
        <g id="shape19-47" v:mID="19" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(211.066,-445.925)">
            <title>矩形.19</title>
            <desc>A4</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="29.8787" cy="587.657" width="59.76" height="15.2362"/>
            <rect id="A4" x="0" y="580.039" width="59.7574" height="15.2362" class="st7" visibility="hidden"/>
            <text x="24.45" y="590.66" class="st8" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>A4</text>        </g>
        <g id="shape20-50" v:mID="20" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(395.318,-452.48)">
            <title>矩形.20</title>
            <desc>A5</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="29.8787" cy="587.657" width="59.76" height="15.2362"/>
            <rect id="A5" x="0" y="580.039" width="59.7574" height="15.2362" class="st7" visibility="hidden"/>
            <text x="24.45" y="590.66" class="st8" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>A5</text>        </g>
        <g id="shape21-53" v:mID="21" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(594.893,-466.654)">
            <title>矩形.21</title>
            <desc>A6</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="29.8787" cy="587.657" width="59.76" height="15.2362"/>
            <rect id="A6" x="0" y="580.039" width="59.7574" height="15.2362" class="st7" visibility="hidden"/>
            <text x="24.45" y="590.66" class="st8" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>A6</text>        </g>
        <g id="shape22-56" v:mID="22" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(594.893,-452.48)">
            <title>矩形.22</title>
            <desc>A7</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="29.8787" cy="587.657" width="59.76" height="15.2362"/>
            <rect id="A7" x="0" y="580.039" width="59.7574" height="15.2362" class="st7" visibility="hidden"/>
            <text x="24.45" y="590.66" class="st8" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>A7</text>        </g>
        <g id="shape23-59" v:mID="23" v:groupContext="shape" transform="translate(594.893,-438.307)">
            <title>矩形.23</title>
            <desc>A8</desc>
            <v:userDefs>
                <v:ud v:nameU="visVersion" v:val="VT0(15):26"/>
            </v:userDefs>
            <v:textBlock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)" v:tabSpace="42.5197"/>
            <v:textRect cx="29.8787" cy="587.657" width="59.76" height="15.2362"/>
            <rect  id="A8" x="0" y="580.039" width="59.7574" height="15.2362" class="st7" visibility="hidden"/>
            <text x="24.45" y="590.66" class="st8" v:langID="2052"><v:paragraph v:horizAlign="1"/><v:tabList/>A8</text>        </g>
    </g>
</svg>

</body>
</html>

最后实现效果